Lesson Plan - Differences Between Past and Present

Getting students to talk about the differences between the past and present is a great way to get students using a variety of tenses and cementing their understanding of the differences and time relationships between the past simple, present perfect (continuous), and present simple tenses. This exercise is quite easy for students to understand and helps to get students thinking in the right direction before beginning the task. Lesson Plan Aim: Conversation lesson focusing on the use of the past simple, present perfect, and present simple tensesActivity: Drawing diagrams as a support for conversation in pairsLevel: Intermediate to advanced Outline: Give students the example above or draw a similar example on the board.Read through the example sentences showing the relationship between the two circles (life then and life now).Ask students why you used the various tenses (i.e. past simple, present perfect (continuous), and present simple (continuous).Have students draw two circles. Each circle should have me at the center with a universe of friends, hobbies, relationships, etc. surrounding. One circle is drawn for the past and one drawn for life now.Students break up into pairs and explain their diagrams to each other.Walk around the room and listen to the discussions, take notes on the most common mistakes made.As a follow-up, go through the most common mistakes made by the students to focus on the problems they are still having with certain tenses (i.e. using the present perfect instead of past simple for definite past). Life Then - Life Now Look at the two circles describing life then and life now. Read the sentences below describing how the persons life has changed. For example: In 1994, I lived in New York.Since then, I have moved to Livorno where I have been living for the past five years.In 1994, I had been married to Barbara for four years. Since then, we have had our daughter Katherine. Katherine is three years old.Barbara and I have been married for ten years.I used to play squash twice a week when I lived in New York.Now I play tennis twice a week. I have been playing tennis for over a year.My best friends were Marek and Franco in New York. Now my best friend is Corrado.I loved going to the opera in New York. Now, I love going to museums around Tuscany.I worked at the New York Association for New Americans for two years in New York.Now I work at the British School. I have been working there for over four years. Draw two circles of your own. One describing life a few years ago and one describing life now. Once you have finished, find a partner and describe how your life has changed over the past few years.

The, Siddhartha, By Herman Hesse - 1356 Words

Set in ancient India, Siddhartha, written by Herman Hesse, narrates a soul s quest in pursuit of the answers to humanity s role in this realm. Centered around a Brahmin s son, Siddhartha, Hesse illustrates how powerful society is to both promote and hinder Siddhartha s pilgrimage towards spiritual enlightenment. It is through sin, lust, and profound despair that Siddhartha learned to not resist but to love all as is. Through this mindset of accepting everything, Siddhartha attains Nirvana. â€Å"Siddhartha had one single goal-to become empty, to become empty of thirst, desire, dreams, and sorrow - to let the self-die† (11). As a young Indian, Siddhartha â€Å"suffered thirst,† he thirsted for knowledge. This philosophy leads him on the path of†¦show more content†¦Before, he saw the world as an â€Å"illusive veil†, which he disregarded and ostracized from his thoughts; he saw his Self as Atman, the eternal nature of everything. Now awakened, Siddhartha listened only to the voice within his Self, â€Å"He would only strive after whatever the inward voice commanded him, not tarry anywhere but where the voice advised him† (39), and this voice led him to the town of Kamala and Kamaswami. This town, or society, was very monumental to the development of Siddhartha. It was necessary to isolate himself in this society. Though he was isolated, he felt separated and superior to the people, â€Å" He saw people living in such childish or ani mal-like way† (57), which he laughed at; this was because he had been a Samana, where he had despised money, small pleasures, and trivial honors. Siddhartha viewed the people s lives as a game, which he derived amusement from. While his physical body resided in the town, his real-self â€Å"wandered elsewhere,† invisibly; he had remained a Samana at heart. But, over the years he became enveloped in comfortable living. He hardly noticed the years passing as he had become rich, possessed both a house and servants. His glorious awakening and the prominent voice within him slowly became a memory, â€Å"had passed.† His ascetic philosophy slowly died as well. Siddhartha became accustomed to fine living; â€Å"He had learned to wear fine clothes, toShow MoreRelatedSiddhartha by Herman Hesse875 Words   |  4 Pages Herman Hesse’s novel Siddhartha is a spiritual book about a man who finds himself , during the time when the teachings of Buddha started to evolve . Throughout this spiritual novel, there are many recurring symbols, themes, and strong bonds between the characters. 2. Other than the ferryman Vasudeva helping Siddhartha,the river helps Siddhartha with his path toward enlightenment. The river serves as the instructor in Siddhartha’s journey when he abandons his wealth and leaves the Samanas. TheRead MoreEssay on River in Siddhartha by Herman Hesse753 Words   |  4 PagesRiver in Siddhartha by Herman Hesse The river is a source of knowledge. It symbolises a teacher, a guru, one who knows and is aware of this knowledge and who imparts it to those who seek knowledge from it. In Herman Hesse’s novella Siddhartha, the protagonist Siddhartha is deeply mystified by the secrets and puzzles of the river. He seeks to unravel and them and gain knowledge from the river in order to achieve his goal of attaining nirvana, enlightenment. He is helped in his courseRead MoreDifferent Paths of Enlightenment in Siddhartha by Herman Hesse764 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout Siddhartha, Herman Hesse demonstrations the different paths to enlightenment through the use of memorable characters such as Siddhartha and Govinda. Siddhartha and Govinda were the sons of Brahmins and thus grew up basked in the ways of religion. The boys were constantly praying and listening to teachings of the teachers in their town. Because of this, they are closer to enlightenment, or the knowledge of self, sought by everyone around them. Siddhartha believes that life has moreRead MoreSimilarities in the Epic of Gilgamesh and Siddhartha as Portrayed by an Unknown Author and Herman Hesse2644 Words   |  11 PagesSimilarities in The_ Epic of Gilgamesh_ and Siddhartha As portrayed by an unknown author and Herman Hesse Both Siddhartha and Gilgamesh believe in themselves, they do not let others define them or make decisions for them. Siddhartha demonstrates that he has strong will from the very beginning of the novel. He is taught by the Samana even though the teachings he received up to this point in his life say that the Samana’s wayis the wrong religion. â€Å"It is not fitting for a Brahmin to speak angryRead MoreSimilarities in The Epic of Gilgamesh and Siddhartha As portrayed by an unknown author and Herman Hesse2803 Words   |  12 PagesSiddharthaAs portrayed by an unknown author and Herman HesseTwo people who lived in very different times can still share the same beliefs and journeys to find the meaning of life. That is the case with Herman Hesses Siddhartha and the Babylonian text The Epic of Gilgamesh. The protagonists who live in very different times; Siddhartha lived around 625 BCE and Gilgamesh in 2700 BCE, but they follow the same journey to understand themselves and life. S iddhartha and The epic of Gilgamesh were written in twoRead MoreSiddhartha Paper1214 Words   |  5 PagesIn the book Siddhartha by Herman Hesse eastern precepts are well described, giving us a good understanding of their religion. He leads his main character Siddhartha through a journey to find inner enlightenment within the teachings of Buddhism. Grown from a high-class family, Siddhartha decides to leave town in order to find his way in life. But it didn’t take long for him to come across challenges that he would have to now face on his own. He visits the Buddha along his journey and finds that evenRead MoreRole of Kamala in Hermann Hesses Siddhartha1300 Words   |  6 PagesSiddhartha’s journey in Hermann Hesse’s Siddhartha. | | | | Name: Andy Sun Candidate Code: 001106-031 Session: May 2011 School: Và ¤xjà ¶ Katedralskola, Sweden Word Count: 1139 Siddhartha: the role of Kamala Statement of intent: The novel Siddhartha written by Hermann Hesse is a philosophical novel that explores the journey of life and to enlightenment. This is done through the narration of the life of a young boy – the eponymous Siddhartha by a third-person omniscient narratorRead More Siddhartha Essay: Use of Form, Symbolism, and Conflict1240 Words   |  5 PagesUse of Form, Symbolism, and Conflict in Siddhartha  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hermann Hesse uses the literary devices of form, symbolism, and conflict to develop his novel, Siddhartha.    Hermann Hesses novel, Siddhartha, is a novel of classical symmetry, a perfection achieved (Hermann Hesse 25).   It tells the story of a young man who sets out to find his true self.   Throughout his journey, Siddhartha converts to various religions, searching for the one religion that will help him discover his identityRead More The Use of Nature in Siddhartha and A Doll’s House Essay1510 Words   |  7 PagesThe Use of Nature in Siddhartha and A Doll’s House Herman Hesse and Henrik Ibsen make extensive references to and use of nature in their respective masterpieces, Siddhartha and A Doll’s House. This includes the use of nature as imagery, symbolism, and to create a motif. While the objects in nature do differ because of the location of the stories, there is also overlap. In Siddhartha Herman Hesse refers to two symbols of nature, birds and water, specifically the river. The first referenceRead More Siddhartha Essays: Form, Style, and Content738 Words   |  3 PagesForm, Style, and Content in Siddhartha   Ã‚  Ã‚   Joseph Mileck asserts in Hermann Hesse: Life and Art that Siddhartha is a perfect exemplification of what he calls, conscious craftsmanship. For Mileck, Hesse consciously synchronized form and substance in Siddhartha to best illustrate a feeling of unity and the journey through the mind, body, and soul. In Siddhartha, Hesse consciously crafted a piece that is unified in form, style, and content, and created an atmosphere in which each one of these

Critical Analysis various programs Free Essays

One of the most essential functions of the state is to provide public welfare and look after the citizens of the country. This is done through the application of various programs aimed at developing the people’s capacity and alleviating others. The success in this task is what, to a great extent, defines the state’s relationship with the citizens and how much people get involved in collaboration with it. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Analysis various programs or any similar topic only for you Order Now If they don’t get the support of the state, citizens can slip into apathy and become disjoint from matters that require the attention of the whole nation. As the decades have progressed we see significant changes in the way public programs are organized and continuing improvement is necessary to promote efficiency and results. In Hope Unraveled, Richard Harwood states some of his basic observations after conversations with the American people across various states. He makes a good point that the nation is embroiled at most, in the debate regarding republicans and democrats and whether religion should be an important element in the state and does not go any further. When looked at closely, what the nation appears to be eliciting is a general level of distancing from politics and public life. The link between state leaders and the ordinary people is a very frail one and now that the ethos of the people is no longer truly represented in the rhetoric of the politicians, the public is withdrawing itself. This as a result is allowing these leaders to garner political gain for themselves (Harwood, 2005). This perhaps presents the need for some sort of change in the measures adopted for public welfare and other programs initiated by the state. That fragile link between the state and the people needs to be rebuilt which can best be done by improving public management. Kamensky and Burlin, present a very good insight into the measures that could be taken by public managers which stress use of collaborative arrangements. The basic principles of networks and partnerships can be of very important use in this regard. To bring about a so called â€Å"public management revolution† requires some changes in the methods adopted. Productivity needs to be stressed on through all levels of public services (Kamensky, 2005). This has been the hallmark of the private sector and perhaps it is now a time for increased dependence on it by the public sector. Another change drastically needed is reducing the centralization and allowing more entrustment at the sub national level so application is left more to those at the grass roots, better able to respond to changing conditions. The centre could focus more on the creation of public policy and making sure the smaller, semi-autonomous units are held accountable for their measures. The core beliefs surrounding the need for this public management revolution are culminating in public managers opting to replace the traditional bureaucratic organizational structure and to engage in the provision of public services with new and creative ways. A few ways of doing this is contracting out services to third parties and collections of public, nonprofit, and for-profit organizations, instead of a bureaucratic hierarchy. These contractual relationships can help develop linkages between organizations, although it would be significantly different from a network. Networks may be funded by grants, contracts, or fee-for-service arrangements, but they use collaboration as a way of dealing with problems in a coordinated fashion that would be impossible for just one organization. The idea behind contracting is exactly the opposite of collaboration—competition, where two or more organizations are forced to compete for the contract. The network logic is that collaboration is needed to deal with problems that don’t fit neatly within the boundaries of a single organization. This creation of a so called networked form of governance has been the ultimate result of contracts and decentralization (Harwood, 2005). Collaborative networks are the best methods for tackling public management problems like homelessness and child welfare. The problems mentioned above that have to be tackled by public agencies are interrelated to a great extent and in most occasions, are bigger than what one single, unconnected agency can handle. Effective management is important in the case of dealing with networks but the benefits accumulated from them are resoundingly high. A connected series of jobs can be fulfilled that may otherwise prove overwhelming. The network is disjointedly different from other forms such as a bureaucratic structure but their ability to aid in problem solving; despite their complex make up is what makes them important for improving public management. Certain precautions need to be taken for networks to be successful. They can result in failure if effective management is not available. There is not much significant research available in this regard. However it is still important to be stressed upon with public managers being provided a certain level of understanding of what needs to be done for increased ability of networks to achieve success. Schorr is an advocate making use of the ability of networks and the lessening of the bureaucratic hierarchical structure that was slowly emerging. According to her, public programs have to be â€Å"comprehensive, flexible, responsive and persevering† to be effective. This is best achieved by the decentralization that has been stressed upon before and letting the people at the grass roots handle what they are adept at. These public programs also require clear objectives and the availability of sufficient resources (Schorr, 1998). There may never have been a need for thinking about the advantages of networking for public services if earlier trends had continued. Before, as Schorr examined, there were slowly emerging small but viable public programs that were actually making headway in dealing with social problems. Unemployment and issues such as teen pregnancy were effectively being handled and great things could have been expected from these programs but many of these creative ideas soon came under the stranglehold of bureaucracy. Once caught, these programs slipped into obscurity and lost their luster. Part of the responsibility for the slip in public management and the adverse results can be attributed to the public. The modern day citizens can be seen to possess a deep seeded anger with public life and politics in general. There was some level of care about the public realm but in general, most felt manipulated by lobbying techniques and spin meisters. Over time this even developed into frustration as many saw big issues being deliberated upon but too little concern being shown for their issues. This was complimented by the failure of public programs that were bogged down by the bureaucratic hierarchical structure. Even the news was dominated by scandals and power politics that did not fit public concern anywhere in its fold. Thus when the people were immensely frustrated with public life, they began to withdraw to their own personal abode where they attempted to get away from the manipulative power of media and the political lobbyists and spin meisters. September 11 was one event that gathered the nation together with promises of engaging citizens, inception of new welfare programs and perhaps the emergence of more practical news in the media. It could have been the starting point of a process of change, a catalyst for greater trust and involvement in public life. That golden opportunity was eventually lost as well as the nation continued its retreat away from the public sphere and slipped further away. Success of public programs depends to a great extent on the involvement of citizens. This requires certain notions of public good and awareness. That was just the thing being lost from the nation’s shared lives. However great the frustration is with a particular cause, the health of a democracy and the effectiveness of its public programs requires more than just a good voter turnout. It requires keen interest in public life and involvement in every sphere. This â€Å"me first† philosophy needs to change if public program are to be salvaged. Building networks and partnerships is one thing but not every organizational move can result in success. It requires belief and the willingness to go the extra mile. This other path can lead the nation to create a more vibrant and robust public life. This requires a reevaluation of how the general public evaluates and puts into practice the public programs. It is a translation of the belief that people actually want to get involved and make a difference. They want to step forward to improve their surroundings and bring about change in society. When things start improving on one end, it tends to produce a ripple effect that spreads across various rungs of the public infrastructure (Bardach, 1998). For philanthropy, this approach has immediate and concrete implications. This approach needs a particular kind of thinking that focuses on going beyond the creation of single projects or singular objectives. It requires putting hope in workable projects that themselves become shining stars to follow and emulate. This creates a feel good factor within the framework of the public administration and involves the people further as well. It has to be kept in mind that such singular projects alone can not halt particular trends or lead to improvement at large. Supporting singular successful projects only works well if it is paired with more initiative and the drive to continue producing measurable results from public programs which actually allows a new trend to establish roots and cement the change process. What needs to be taken care of here is that the change being aimed for does not just provide short term gain and results in an increase in competition within communities in the nation. The benefits of singular projects that turn out successful may not accrue to all in the short term or even in the near future but it does lead to establishment of change. This requires patience which if not fostered, could result in acrimonious feelings within the communities (Tom, 2007). The challenge is that in the current culture of opposition, our very public structures, relationships, networks, leaders and norms are not amenable or hospitable to supporting an alternate path. This creates certain uphill tasks. As some analysts point out, real and sustainable change can only be garnered with the presence of the right mechanism. This has been founding wanting in large parts of the society and even the catalysts for change are now hard to discover and capitalize on. The years of stagnation with regard to public life has created a gap on how actually to best engage people and lead to an acceptable level of progress in public programs. It proves inherently difficult thus, to seek out ways to overcome the existent adverse conditions that hold progress. There is a need for creation of an alternate path in society, one that ignites a sense of possibility and hope. This path requires bringing together all the steps that have been deliberated above. The first is the development of civic minded organizations which go beyond the society’s divisive elements and actually involve the people as such, enabling them to engage. The needs of the hour is innovation and persistence on the part of the administrators as constructing something new and workable like that is not very quickly done. Such organizations if successfully constructed can serve as central beacons of hope that can be the stepping stone for increased engagement in public life and alleviating some of the withdrawal that has plagued the nation. These organizations themselves also need to bank on networks and partnerships with the private sector and with other public entities so as to maintain efficiency and help increase credibility of the public management. This has to be complemented with the creation of leaders, emerging both from within society and the public sphere who can help this cycle of sustainable change to continue and also make sure that the complex partnerships and networks that come into place for problems solving work well and do not expire, leading the nation back to the trend it so desperately needs to halt. Works Cited Bardach, Eugene (1998). Getting Agencies to Work Together. Brookings Institution Press. Kamensky, John M (2004). Collaboration. Rowman Littlefield. Richard, Harwood (2005). Hope Unravelled. Kettering Foundation Press. Schorr, Lisbeth (1998). Common Purpose. Anchor. Tom, Christensen (2007). Transcending New Public Management . Ashgate Publishing. How to cite Critical Analysis various programs, Papers

Current Status of Malaria Vaccinology Essay Example For Students

Current Status of Malaria Vaccinology Essay In order to assess the current status of malaria vaccinology one must first takean overview of the whole of the whole disease. One must understand the diseaseand its enormity on a global basis. Malaria is a protozoan disease of which over 150 million cases are reported perannum. In tropical Africa alone more than 1 million children under the age offourteen die each year from Malaria. From these figures it is easy to see thateradication of this disease is of the utmost importance. The disease is caused by one of four species of Plasmodium These four are P. falciparium, P .malariae, P .vivax and P .ovale. Malaria does not only effecthumans, but can also infect a variety of hosts ranging from reptiles to monkeys. It is therefore necessary to look at all the aspects in order to assess thepossibility of a vaccine. The disease has a long and complex life cycle which creates problems forimmunologists. The vector for Malaria is the Anophels Mosquito in which the lifecycle of Malaria both begins and ends. The parasitic protozoan enters thebloodstream via the bite of an infected female mosquito. During her feeding shetransmits a small amount of anticoagulant and haploid sporozoites along withsaliva. The sporozoites head directly for the hepatic cells of the liver wherethey multiply by asexual fission to produce merozoites. These merozoites can nowtravel one of two paths. They can go to infect more hepatic liver cells or theycan attach to and penetrate erytherocytes. When inside the erythrocytes theplasmodium enlarges into uninucleated cells called trophozites The nucleus ofthis newly formed cell then divides asexually to produce a schizont, which has6-24 nuclei. Now the multinucleated schizont then divides to produce mononucleated merozoites. Eventually the erythrocytes reaches lysis and as result the merozoites enterthe bloodstream and infect more erythrocytes. This cycle repeats itself every48-72 hours (depending on the species of plasmodium involved in the originalinfection) The sudden release of merozoites toxins and erythrocytes debris iswhat causes the fever and chills associated with Malaria. Of course the disease must be able to transmit itself for survival. This is doneat the erythrocytic stage of the life cycle. Occasionally merozoitesdifferentiate into macrogametocytes and microgametocytes. This process does notcause lysis and there fore the erythrocyte remains stable and when the infectedhost is bitten by a mosquito the gametocytes can enter its digestive systemwhere they mature in to sporozoites, thus the life cycle of the plasmodium isbegun again waiting to infect its next host. At present people infected with Malaria are treated with drugs such asChloroquine, Amodiaquine or Mefloquine. These drugs are effective at eradicatingthe exoethrocytic stages but resistance to them is becoming increasing common. Therefore a vaccine looks like the only viable option. The wiping out of the vector i.e. Anophels mosquito would also prove as aneffective way of stopping disease transmission but the mosquito are alsobecoming resistant to insecticides and so again we must look to a vaccine as asolutionHaving read certain attempts at creating a malaria vaccine several points becomeclear. The first is that is the theory of Malaria vaccinology a viable concept?I found the answer to this in an article published in Nature from July 1994 byChristopher Dye and Geoffrey Targett. They used the MMR (Measles Mumps andRubella) vaccine as an example to which they could compare a possible Malariavaccine Their article said that simple epidemiological theory states that thecritical fraction (p) of all people to be immunised with a combined vaccine(MMR) to ensure eradication of all three pathogens is determined by theinfection that spreads most quickly through the population; that is by the ageof one with the largest basic case reproduction number Ro. In case the of MMR this is measles with Ro of around 15 which implies that p 1-1/Ro0.93Gupta et al points out that if a population of malaria parasite consists of acollection of pathogens or strains that have the same properties as commonchildhoodviruses, the vaccine coverage would be determined by the strain withthe largest Ro rather than the Ro of the whole parasite population. Whileestimates of the latter have been as high as 100, the former could be much lower. Product Analysis Clinique 3 Step System EssayFinally we reach the last and by far the most promising, prevalent andcontroversial candidate vaccine. This I found continually mentioned throughoutseveral scientific magazines. Science (Jan 95) and Vaccine (95) were twowhich had no bias reviews and so the following information is taken from these. The vaccine to which I am referring to is the SPf66 vaccine. This vaccine hascaused much controversy and raised certain dilemmas. It was invented by aColombian physician and chemist called Manual Elkin Patarroyo and it is thefirst of its kind. His vaccine could prove to be one the few effective weaponsagainst malaria, but has run into a lot of criticism and has split the malariaresearch community. Some see it as an effective vaccine that has proven itselfin various tests whereas others view as of marginal significance and say morestudy needs to be done before a decision can be reached on its widespread use. Recent trials have shown some promise. One trial carried by Patarroyo and hisgroup in Columbia during 1990 and 1991 showed that the vaccine cut malariaepisodes by over 39 % and first episodes by 34%. Another trail which wascompleted in 1994 on Tanzanian children showed that it cut the incidence offirst episodes by 31%. It is these results that have caused the rift withinresearch areas. Over the past 20 years, vaccine researchers have concentrated mainly on theearly stages of the parasite after it enters the body in an attempt to blockinfection at the outset (as mentioned earlier). Patarroyo however, took a morecomplex approach. He spent his time designing a vaccine against the more complexblood stage of the parasite stopping the disease not the infection. Hisdecision to try and create synthetic peptides raised much interest. At the timepeptides were thought capable of stimulating only one part of the immune system;the antibody producing B cells whereas the prevailing wisdom required T cells aswell in order to achieve protective immunity. Sceptics also pounced on the elaborate and painstaking process of eliminationPatarroyo used to find the right peptides. He took 22 immunologicallyinteresting proteins from the malaria parrasite, which he identified usingantibodies from people immune to malaria, and injected these antigens intomonkeys and eventually found four that provided some immunity to malaria. Hethen sequenced these four antigens and reconstructed dozens of short fragmentsof them. Again using monkeys (more than a thousand) he tested these peptidesindividually and in combination until he hit on what he considered to be thejackpot vaccine. But the WHO a 31% rate to be in the grey area and so there isstill no decision on its use. In conclusion it is obvious that malaria is proving a difficult disease toestablish an effective and cheap vaccine for in that some tests and inconclusiveand others while they seem to work do not reach a high enough standard. Buthaving said that I hope that a viable vaccine will present itself in the nearfuture (with a little help from the scientific world of course). Category: Science

Modern Monetary Policy

Introduction Globalization has made the world a global village and thus any country’s economy is affected both by its internal monetary policies and those of other countries it interacts with. Depending on the way these monetary policies are made they can work toward developing the economy of one country to the detriment of the others or promote economic growth in both the country where they are enacted and to other trading countries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Monetary Policy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The United States of America has experienced economic expansion for a very long period (from 1990 to 2000) until the last half of the year 2000 when the country’s economy growth became slow and sluggish. In order to contain the slow growth and improve the economy of the country â€Å"the Federal Reserve between mid-1999 and May 2000 raised the target for the federal funds rate to 6  ½ % from 4 ¾ %†( Labonte Makinen 7). his did not auger well as the economy growth continued to decline and thus the policies had to be loosened in order to allow more production and spending for the economy to grow. Government policies that are aimed at controlling the supply of money in the market through the Central Bank make up monetary policies. In the legislation and enacting of monetary policies several bodies coordinate together in order to achieve an acceptable money supply as not only does it affect the country’s economy but also other countries economies, which trades with the United States of America. The major banks making policies in the United States of America are however two (both the nation’s Central Bank and the Federal Reserve). In relation to the United States of America, we can define monetary policies as those policies that â€Å"consist of the directives, policies, pronouncements, and actions of the Federal Reserve that affect aggreg ate demand or national spending† (Labonte Makinen 8). Monetary policies works at either increasing or decreasing the supply of the money in the market influencing how trade and spending goes on within a country. The only unfair characteristic of monetary policies is that they are short term in nature since their enactments are usually designed only to solve a short term crisis. In short the monetary policy tries to solve economic crisis and once the normal economic environment is regained the monetary policies are also adjusted to suit the situation.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Monetary policies try to solve macro economic issues such as spending, income levels, unemployment, and inflation among other macroeconomic factors. Evidence showing monetary polices trends can be described by the fact that: Between January 3, 2001, and June 25, 2003, the target rate for fe deral funds was reduced to 1% from 6 ½%. This policy was reversed beginning June 30, 2004. In 17 equal increments of  ¼% ending on June 29, 2006, the target rate was raised to 5 ¼% from a base of 1%. No additional changes were made at the three subsequent meetings. (Labonte Makinen 4) In order to understand how monetary policies work it is advisable to understand its two indicators. Indicators of Monetary Policy Money Supply A common market rule is that when the supply of a commodity decreases its demand increases resulting in increased prices and the opposite happens when the supply is high the demand decreases thus driving the prices down. This same law also applies to the supply of the money in the market. Most of the times, monetary policies are described either as easy if in influences an increased money supply and tight if its main aim is to reduce the money supply. Interest Rates In his interest theory, John Maynard Keynes argued that interest rate is monetary phenomen a determined in the money market but not influenced by savings as classical economists used to argue. He argued that not all people who save that do so with an intention of earning interest thus it should be in the monetary market where funds are borrowed and their rates determined. Thus, changes in money supply (whether an increase or a decrease) leads to an increase or a decrease in the cost of the money. The changes in interest rates are important to the government as they influence spending in an economy thus creating or reducing employment. However, experts warn that the interest rates experienced due to the changes in aggregate demand and supply of the money are not the real market rates; the real market rates should be the existing market rates less inflation rates in the country. It is thus assumed that a high economic growth reduces interest rates in the short run. Given that countries have future expectations of how inflation rates will be the fall in market rates is alway s seen as a fall in the real interest rates. However, market rates can change for other reasons for example an increase in income increases the market interest rates thus increasing the demand for money since more people can afford the money and the public expects lower inflations in future (Schabert 17).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Monetary Policy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More How the Monetary Policy Works Monetary policies works through the following instruments which either increases or decreases the supply of money in the market as it is explained below. Open Market Operations To increase or decrease the supply of money in the market, the Federal Reserve can engage in open market operations; this involves selling and buying of bonds in the market. When the federal Bank engages in selling the bonds or securities it aims at reducing the money supply in the market to avoid inflation of the money; the opposite occurs if the federal bank realizes that the money supply in the market is less as it repurchases the bonds and the securities thus making more money available in the market and this helps in ensuring that the commodity prices remain at a stable position by increasing both the money supply and the aggregate demand (Taylor 4). Reserves Deposit Requirement The government through the federal government can also increase or decrease the required reserve deposits that the commercial banks in the country deposits in the federal government in order to control an economic problem which may be brought about by the existing economic conditions. In order to reduce money supply in the market, the Federal Bank instructs the regional or commercial banks to increase their reserve requirements; this increases the amount of money withheld and in return reduces the amount of money which can be lend to the customers thus reducing the money supply. The lowering of the reserve deposit requi red in these banks by the Federal Bank works in the opposite way. In order to meet these Fed requirements, banks lend among themselves creating a multiplier effect and the rate on such loans determines how loose or tight the monetary policy at that time (Feinman, Deschler Hinkelmann 1). Discount Rate Federal Reserve lending rates to commercial banks are described as discount rates. An increase in the discount rate makes the cost of borrowing increase thus reducing the amount of money which the Federal Reserve can lend to the commercial banks within the state. The high interest rates are transferred down to the customers and the high rates discourage borrowing thus reducing the money supply in the market (U S Department of State 28).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Interaction between Central Bank, the Treasury, and the Financial System The Central Bank is a special bank within the ministry of finance but independent from interference by the executive. The bank has the mandate to preserve financial stability and enhance financial development by controlling the money supply in the market. Its’ autonomy can be described in terms of; the ability to set the terms and conditions on the items in the central bank’s balance sheet – this is essential for the conduct of monetary policy; having the means to bear any losses that arise from central bank operations and having appropriate rules to allocate profits (including rules that govern the accumulation of capital and reserves); and the ability to cover operating expenses, and in particular to set salaries (typically the single largest component of operating costs) in a manner that allows the Central Bank to attract and retain the professional talent it requires (Boehm 59). There h ave been interactions between the treasury and the federal reserve board in an attempt by the government to overhaul the regulatory system but some Fed officials were seeing it as an attempt by the government to interfere with the independence of the bank and thus there was no way they could accept. They argue that the Fed was established by the congress thus it is not part of the executive thus interference should no be expected from the treasury (Torres Schmidt 1). The interaction between the central bank, the treasury, and the financial institutions is best described in the way the monetary policies work and the role played by each. Policy Proposals Relating to Reforming the Financial System One of the proposals being forwarded by the congress is that of establishing a new systemic risk regulator bearing in mind the country is just recovering from the economic crisis. The regulator is expected to supervise the growth of the financial institutions. There has also been the proposa l of changing how the Federal Bank functions. This has not augured well as it would curtail the independence of the Federal Bank and make it prone to political interference. While many think that this will work well in the long run it may work against the goals of making the financial institutions and monetary policies effective as political interests might be fulfilled to the expense of American citizens. There have been further proposals from the House and the Senate for the creation of a Risk Based Systemic Fund whose source would be from the institutions. While the policy might be good, it is not without a flaw since it fails to address the appropriate levels through which the financial institutions can be evaluated. Other proposals have been aimed at making stricter standards on capital and liquidity requirements among the most risky institutions. As the United States of America recovers from the economic crisis there have been calls to create or establish a mechanism through w hich failing financial institutions can be rescued before they can file into bankruptcy through receivership so as to reduce the uncertainties in the monetary system (Acharya, Cooley, Richardson, Ingo 16). Finally, the executive has had interests in controlling the actions of the Fed and thus they had been proposing for law reviews which would allow the central bank become the lead regulator for all the financial institutions (Torres Schmidt 1). Conclusion From the study we can conclude that monetary policies are ways through which the government regulates the supply of money in the bank and while the policies are good they are only enacted for short term purposes as the economy is never static. Thus, policies also need to evolve and should be legislated in a way that suits the prevailing economic conditions. Works Cited Acharya, Viral, Cooley F. Thomas; Richardson, Matthew., Ingo, Walter. â€Å"Real Time Solutions for US Financial Reform.† VoxEU.org, 2009. Web. Boehm, Mos er. â€Å"The Relationship between the Central Bank and the Government.† Bis, 2006. Web. Feinman, Joshua; Deschler Jana., Hinkelmann, Christoph. â€Å"Reserve Requirements: History, Current Practice, and Potential Reform.† Federalreserve, 1993. Web. Labonte, Marc., Makinen, Gail. â€Å"Monetary Policy: Current Policy and Conditions†. CRS Report for Congress. The Library of Congress, 2006. Schabert, Andreas. Money supply and the implementation of interest rate Targets: Working Paper Series. London: European Central Bank. 2005 Taylor, John. â€Å"Expectations, Open Market Operations, and Changes in the Federal Funds Rate.† Stanford University. 2001. Web. Torres, Craig., Schmidt Robert. â€Å"Fed Rejects Geithner Request for Study of Governance Structure.† Bloomberg, 2009. Web. U.S. Department of State. â€Å"Monetary and Fiscal Policy.† Countrystudies,  2010. This essay on Modern Monetary Policy was written and submitted by user Vivid Leech to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Gravity Lab essays

Gravity Lab essays The purpose of this lab was to find that gravity of Earth is indeed 9.8 m/s/s (the The theory, according to Galileo, is that two objects have the same acceleration if dropped from the same height will land at the same time at the speed of 9.8 m/s/s as long as there is no air resistance. To have an understanding Galileos theory of acceleration, certain terms and equations must be known. Acceleration is defined as the change in velocity divided by the time interval which the change of velocity was measured. Velocity is defined as the change of position (distance) divided by the time interval that the position was measured by. The most basic formula used in this lab, and in most of physics, is the formula for velocity. this formula is defined as: velocity = change in distance divided by the change in time ( v = d/t ). The basic metric units for this equation will be m/s. Another formula used is the formula used to find acceleration. this equation is as follows: acceleration = change of velocity divided by the change in time ( a = v/t ). The basic metric unit used with this equation are m/s/s. Gravitys most common law for gravity is known as the constant acceleration of force on any objects, no matter what the size or shape, only if there is no wind The first step in this lab is to take the ticker timer, the ticker tape, and the object being tested and put these objects nearby. When cutting the ticker tape, make sure to cut a long enough piece so that it will touch the ground when at the height it will be dropped at. Put the ticker tape into the timer, making sure there is carbon paper on the timer to make the marks. Then tape the object to the ticker tape and make sure it is secured. Once these steps have been completed, drop the object. (Note: There should be two objects in this lab; a heavy and a heavier. On lab partner should drop one and the other lab partner...

The Economy of Leesville Louisiana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

The Economy of Leesville Louisiana - Essay Example Hubbard for grinding corn and sawing lumber. The first commodity store was opened by Daniel brown and his brother in the year 1868. On the west bank of the creek Newburn H. Guinnthe divided the land and sold out by making allotment for various business ventures. In 1870 he named the society as Leesburg. A post office was set up in 1873 and in the year 1874 the name was changed to Leesville. Growing cotton became the major occupation in this area after the Civil War. In 1900 railway construction was developed and by mid-1930s highways was also set up. Ranching, peanut and melon farming are the major occupations in Leesville. During 1968 to 1990 the population of the city was 150 and by the year 2000 it had seven rated business (Brown, n.d.). There is diversification of business within Louisiana. The government is very cooperating and keeps the upcoming entrepreneurs posted with the resources available for developing an enterprise within the state. The state of Louisiana is basically an industry based economy. The industry is mainly based on the natural resources like timber, natural gas, oil and water. The gross state product in 2001 was $148.7 billion out of which mining contributed $28.1 billion (Louisiana Economy, n.d.). In spite of a worsening economic situation across Unites States, many residents of Leesville are enjoying abatement from the pain of fiscal suffering. According to Rand Alford, the owner of Alford Motors, Leesville’s condition is much better than many other states of America. His auto sales business has won recognition for his successful business ventures from the Leesville Rotary Club. He considered the city of Leesville to be safer and secured due to the presence of military in their area. Most of the business persons are of opinion that people of Leesville are fortunate enough to rescue to some extent from the economic crisis that has affected the national economy. As stated by Tammy Brafa, the managing broker of Magnolia

King Lear - Free topic (your choice) Research Paper

King Lear - Free topic (your choice) - Research Paper Example Themes in Alice in Wonderland Throughout the course of Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland, Alice goes via a mixture of bizarre physical changes. The discomfort that she experiences acts as a symbol for the changes that manifest amid puberty in which she finds the changes as traumatic and experiences discomfort, frustration, and sadness (Chastain 23). Alice constantly finds herself in circumstances in which she risks death, and whereas these threats never materialize, they point out that death lurks behind the absurd events encountered during Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. Death may be a significant threat, and Alice starts to comprehend that the threats she encounters may not be entirely absurd. Themes in Wasteland The major themes in Waste Land themes encompass death, rebirth, the seasons, lust, and love. Death in the poem can translate to mean life whereby in dying a being can shape the way for fresh lives. The Christ images within the poem, accompanied by numerous re ligious metaphors, hypothesize rebirth and resurrection as key themes. Eliot’s vision remains essentially of a world that is neither living nor dying; to discontinue the spell, a dramatic change is necessary (Bloom 250). The depiction of that spring as cruel can be regarded as a surprising choice on Eliot’s part; although can bear regarded as a paradox it shapes the rest of the poem to a significant degree. What generates life equally heralds death; the seasons vary, altering from one state to another, although, like history they maintain some form of stasis. In the end, Eliot’s Waste Land can be regarded as almost season less without rain, of real change, and of propagation. Themes in Dubliners Restrictive routines, plus the tedious, mundane details of each day mark the lives of Joyce’s Dubliners and entrap them within circles of disappointment, self-control, and violence (Ingersoll 21). Routine impacts on characters that face who face difficulty predica ments, but it also impacts on characters who bear little open conflict in their lives. Farrington’s work reflects his social and home life yielding his anger, and abusive behaviour, to worsen. With his explosive physical reactions, Farrington mirrors more than any other characters the brutal ramifications of a repetitive existence. The Interconnection of Life and Death Dubliners opens with â€Å"The Sisters† that examines death and the process of memorizing the dead, and close with â€Å"The Dead,† which appeals to the tranquil of the snow that envelops the dead, plus the living. These narratives bookend the collection and highlight regular focus on the meeting point between life and death. The encounters depicted in meeting the newly dead and living, as is the case of â€Å"A Painful Case,† unreservedly explore this meeting point indicating the forms of aftershocks that death can have for the living. Themes in Strange case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr. Hyde The m ost prominent theme in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde can be regarded as good vs. evil. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde are readily perceived as an allegory about the good and evil present in all men, as well as the struggle with the two forms of the human personality (Stevenson 11). The repression in this case entails Victorian England in which there are no sexual appetites, no significant expressions of emotion, and no violence. The violence within the novel

Migisi Tribal Council, Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Migisi Tribal Council, Inc - Case Study Example Migisi Tribal Council’s major issue is the high levels of being bureaucratic and too self serving. However the Council requires a strong support from the First Nations. If the First Nations do leave the council, the effects of this could be devastating and could bring down the entire council. The major issue of MTC, is the over confidence and the self serving nature which is taking over the working of the council and can lead to a huge reduction in terms of the finances and the human resources. One of the major issues that is faced by the managers and the key person, Andrew Ross is that he is responsible for the communication and resolving the issues between the First Nation and the staff at Migisi Tribal Council, Inc. Also there are a number of issues that are present in the First nations; however these have never been leaked out due to the pride and political reasons. Migisi Tribal Council, Inc has a low number of staff however this staff has very specific and specialized job requirements. This provides for low staff turnover and also leads to lesser need for training and development. The major link between the symptoms and the root cause is the fact the MTC is not market focused and hence it affects the organization culture as well. The long term issues that might affect the organization are the fact that it does not have any specific importance or concentration of the high value added activities. Also the fact that the organization operates without a set of policies an d principles created higher number of issues for the organization. Hence the major aspect that the managers need to concentrate on is an improvement of the current organization culture. Migisi Tribal Council, Inc is an organization with stringent rules, guidelines and policies that have been developed for the working of the business however these have not been put into complete practice. The staff is provided with complete autonomy, with a lot of trust that is present among all the

Office Space: Bureaucracy in the Workplace

Office Space: Bureaucracy in the Workplace The 1999 film, Office Space, characterizes an unhappy employee that works for a generic software company named Initech, which is structured as a bureaucracy. The main character, Peter Gibbons, eventually gets fed up by his job and the pressured environment in the workplace as a result of the bureaucratic environment. As a result of being fed up, Peter decides to rebel with the help of his two friends, Samir and Michael Bolton, and devise a computer program to steal from the company in small decimal amounts, but accidentally end up stealing a large amount. Meanwhile, the company decides to promote him while Peter is rebelling against the company. Bureaucracy, as defined by Max Weber, has six elements: first, the element of specialization of the job each worker does; second, bureaucracy has a rule of many by the few in which only one or a few people have rule of authority; third, bureaucracy has rules and regulations that the workers must follow; fourth, it is the characteristic of technical competence; fifth, it is the component of impersonality; finally, sixth, bureaucracy has formal written communication and official documentation. Webers characteristics of bureaucracy are shown to be in agreement with what is shown in the film. The first element is shown through the employees of Office Space. It is shown that each employee of Initech has a specific role that they contribute in the workplace. For example, Peter Gibbons, Michael Bolton, and Samir are all part of the computer programming component of the company while Lumbergh and the seven bosses that Peter has are part of the management component of the company. The purpose of having different people to complete different aspects of a company is to increase efficiency, however, the movie also shows that the computer programmers write the bank software to save space, such as taking out two digits (97 instead of 1997), but they have to go back into the program and change thousands of numbers so all of them only have two digits instead of four, which, in itself, is inefficient but it still emphasizes that only the computer programmers in the company have to do that, and that is what their job/contribution is in the company. The second element address that there is only one of few people that have rule of authority in the company, and in the film, this rulers would be Lumbergh and the seven other bosses that are part of management. But in these eight bosses, there is a hierarchy of management, giving the company a pyramid-like structure. The pyramid was Lumbergh up at the top, then Peter Gibbons, then Michael Bolton, then Samir, and then Milton, who would be at the very bottom of the food chain, with no authority in any situation or over anyone. This pyramid also contributes to the blatant difference in salary, as the film shows the employees general, family cars while Lumbergh had a Porsche in the same parking lot. Rules and regulations, as the third element of bureaucracy, are shown in the film in the very popular TPS Report scene of the movie in which Dom Portwood confronts Peter Gibbons: Dom Portwood: Hi, Peter. Whats happening? We need to talk about your TPS reports. Peter Gibbons: Yeah. The coversheet. I know, I know. Uh, Bill talked to me about it. Dom Portwood: Yeah. Did you get that memo? Peter Gibbons: Yeah. I got the memo. And I understand the policy. And the problem is just that I forgot the one time. And Ive already taken care of it so its not even really a problem anymore. Dom Portwood: Ah! Yeah. Its just were putting new coversheets on all the TPS reports before they go out now. So if you could go ahead and try to remember to do that from now on, thatd be great. All right! (credit: IMDB Office Space Quotes) This scene in the film is showing how Dom Portwood, the vice president reprimands Peter for not using the correct cover sheet on a report even though there had been a memo detailing the new procedure. Even when Peter said that it was a simple mistake and that he had a copy of the memo Portwood insists on sending another copy of the memo. This shows that the bureaucracy must follow a strict set of rules and regulations in order to be successful, and the management must make it clear that such mistakes will not be accepted in order to keep the important of rules and regulations high in priority. The fourth aspect of bureaucracy is the technical competence. In the movie, the two consultants are brought into the company to assess the efficiency and competence of each employee in the role that they are in, and they do this so the companys efficiency can be increased. This is interesting because it would seem that a company is run on many people, in many different departments, to successfully run a company, however they are laying off employees to increase efficiency, but that is really just the code phrase for downsizing. Peter, for example, is probably the antithesis of efficiency and competence because he says to one of the consultants that he stares at his desk and gets about 15 minutes of work done in an actual week. The fifth element is impersonality, which means that corporations and bosses dont actually consider getting to know their employees important. They, instead, write impersonal memos to their employees, and do not identify them as individuals. For example. Samir has been working in Initech for five years, and his name is still mispronounced. And the bosses, especially Lumbergh, are always just saying things like, did you see the memo, instead of addressing the person they are talking to. The final element is the need to officialize and formalize all documentation in the office. This also falls under the category of rules and regulations because the need to document everything is overemphasized, such as in the example in which Peter forgot a coversheet and how that little issue became over exaggerated enough for the vice-president to come and point it out. Examples of official documentation in Office Space include TPS reports, memos, files, and personal records of each employee that the company keeps, but nothing is really personal about that file just an impersonal set of information of each employee. Overall, the 1999 film cleverly points out the flaws of a highly bureaucratized work environment, and Webers Theory of Bureaucracy is also portrayed in the film. Teaching assistant: Developing child learning Teaching assistant: Developing child learning Historically, teaching assistants, or auxiliaries as they were sometimes formerly known, were non teaching adults who helped qualified teachers by carrying out day to day preparatory and administrative tasks and providing pastoral care to children. (Clayton. 1993) However, in 1998, the Local Government Chronicle published a summary of a Green Paper, (LGC, 1998), in which they outlined proposals for employing a greater number of support staff 20,000 by the year 2002 in order to provide more support for teachers. The summary also announced the governments suggestions for a more effective use of, and better training for, teaching assistants and other school support staff which, along with a subsequent OfSTED review, (2002a, p6) declared the need for training that would, match any proposed structure of qualifications and to facilitate career progression. The implementation of national occupational standards for teaching assistants, approved in 2001, and the HLTA status introduced in 20 03, (TDA, 2008) offered committed support staff the opportunity to progress and acquire the skills to become more accomplished educators. Working as a teaching assistant started to become a career and so began the real debate about the role of the teaching assistant. As with many job titles within the working environment, the title teaching assistant is often interpreted in a variety of ways but one common theme I have encountered, when questioning educational staff, is that all teaching assistants have the potential to be facilitators of learning and therefore are essential elements in the development of learning for children. How the facilitation is carried out, however, is less clear and open to individual interpretation by both employers and employees. In order to support the learning of all children, teaching assistants, like any educator, need to have a good understanding of how children learn. In the book, Teaching and Learning in the Early Years, Whitebread (2008, chapter 1) discusses Piagets ideas that children need to feel and hold control over their learning. Whitebread continues by exploring Vygotsys claims that it is the role of the adult to provide opportunities for social interaction and to support the child in moving out of their comfort zone or level of actual development and towards their potential via their zone of proximal development. To do this, a teaching assistant must understand how to promote curiosity amongst children while providing opportunities for discussion and exploration. With current class sizes in the region of up to 30 pupils, a class teacher will often be unable to engage in this vital aspect of developing childrens learning and so it is essential that supporting adults are equipped with the skills to scaffold learning and to provide opportunities for them to develop the language needed to be able to discuss and explain their ideas. (Bruner 1983, cited in Peabody Journal of Education, pp 64-66) Recently I was fortunate to be part of an initiative to promote reading amongst a group of reluctant pupils who had formulated an opinion that reading was a chore to be undertaken with animosity and only when instructed to do so. Upon investigation, it was obvious that these children had encountered a variety of barriers that had influenced their attitude and ability to read. My role was that of the enabling adult as described by Chambers (1991). By providing them with an opportunity to share and discuss each others reading experiences I was able to promote and inspire in them a willingness and enjoyment of reading. The outcome of this quickly became apparent in their understanding of written text. The children also began writing with enthusiasm, using their own knowledge and experiences; as a result, they had taken control of their own learning. The childrens vocal responses demonstrated that they felt empowered by the fact that they were directly responsible for the progress that t hey were making and they continue to enjoy our weekly discussions about their reading and progress. The children mentioned do not have special educational needs, as is often the case for pupils being supported by a teaching assistant. Children with SEN require a higher level of support and this has, traditionally, been provided by teaching assistants. (Alborz et al, 2009a) This has previously been an area for debate with The Daily Telegraph (2009) publishing an article claiming that research shows that, Pupils make less progress in classrooms where schools employ more teaching assistants. This article states that teaching assistants often support lower attaining pupils, resulting in them being less supported by a qualified teacher and to them making limited progress. The article does not, however, take into account the training of the teaching assistants. While reviewing the impact of workforce remodeling, a report by OfSTED (2004) stated that when a teaching assistant is appointed to work with carefully chosen pupils and is provided with the appropriate training to do so effective ly, the pupils make significant progress. This is, of course, as well as the obvious benefits of providing the teacher with more time to focus on other pupils. Having worked alongside several teaching assistants employed to support children with SEN I have witnessed the immeasurable benefit to the pupil and the class as a whole. The teaching assistants enabled the pupils to be included in a mainstream classroom and access the curriculum, while allowing the class teacher to support the majority of the pupils. Their support involved the re-enforcing of the whole class teaching, giving the pupil the confidence to participate in class discussions, simplification of vocabulary, offering praise and encouragement and feedback on the completed task. Following the lesson, the teaching assistant also provided the teacher with assessment and monitoring feedback to enable assessment of and for learning. This assessment has become a vital aspect of the role of the teaching assistant and supports the teacher and pupil by enabling differentiation and personalised learning to become every day practice. (OfSTED, 2002b) Guidance published by the NFER (2002, cited in Department for Education and Skills, 2005, p.22) found that when teachers and teaching assistants work in partnership, the results are a more effective level of teaching and learning. An example of this is a scenario I have experienced recently where a teaching assistant supported the learning of the majority of the class while the class teacher focused on the children with SEN. As a result of the teacher and teaching assistant having spent time working together to plan the lesson, the teaching assistant was able to support the learning objectives and assist pupils in their achievement of them. Teaching assistants can also, when included in the planning of a lesson, actively participate in the delivery of the lesson providing an alternative viewpoint or by playing a character in role. One such example was provided by my colleague who, upon realising that many of the pupils within the class had misunderstood a key concept, pretended to be confused and raised a hand to ask for clarification. As a result, pupils developed a clearer understanding of the lesson and therefore, the teaching assistant had played an important role in developing their learning. By implementing a combination of all of these approaches and with effective training and guidance, teaching assistants can provide invaluable support for all children within any lesson. Teaching assistants also support behaviour management within classes and can provide an alternative level of perception within the classroom. In daily Literacy lessons, I have observed a teaching assistant supporting a pupil with ADHD and have no doubt that without her presence, the class teacher would have to spend a large proportion of the lesson settling the child and addressing low level distractions. Personal experience has shown me that children with emotional or behavioural difficulties are often more responsive towards a teaching assistant with whom they can forge a positive adult / child relationship. This can contribute towards the social and emotional wellbeing of the child as outlined by Alborz et al. (2009b). Besides the opportunity to support childrens learning during lesson time, teaching assistants continue to carry out a multitude of administrative tasks in order to support the class teacher and the school as a whole. The National Agreement, (ATL et al. 2003, p.2), implemented as part of the governments workforce remodelling initiative, states that teachers should not spend their time carrying out administrative responsibilities that do not make full use of their skills and expertise but that these tasks should be carried out by support staff. The agreement outlines twenty-one tasks that teaching staff should not be required to carry out including the preparation of classroom resources, photocopying, the collection of monies for educational visit and the preparation and setting up of displays. These tasks must also, therefore, be considered the responsibility of the teaching assistant. Each and every one of the administrative tasks has an impact on the educational environment and ther efore contributes towards supporting the development of childrens learning. In practice, however, the need for teaching assistants to be more involved in the delivery of lessons surely means that they too will have less time for carrying out administrative duties which in turn might relay these duties back into the hands of the teachers. In my experience, teaching assistants often offer unconditional support for the school in which they are employed. Many carry out duties beyond their working hours providing curriculum enrichment activities and regularly being at the forefront of fund raising events. They frequently are able to provide a connection between local communities and their schools as they often live in close proximity to their workplace. This is a non essential yet valuable part of their role as it enables teaching staff to be aware of local issues and provides a link between parents and schools. (Lipsett, 2008) In conclusion, the role of the teaching assistant has evolved significantly over recent years and can offer committed individuals with a recognised career that is both progressive and rewarding. With appropriate professional development opportunities, a teaching assistant can give invaluable support to individuals and groups of pupils, teaching staff, parents and schools. By providing pastoral care, administrative support and personalised learning they can, as outlined in the Governments Every Child Matters initiative (DfES, 2003), promote enjoyment and achievement in a safe, nurturing environment; contribute to the academic and emotional wellbeing of all children; help them to become successful members of the school and wider community.

Skydiving Essay -- Extreme Sports Skydive essays research papers

Why do we skydive?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Skydiving has been around since ancient Chinese times as a form of aerial stunts. Leonardo da Vinci and the Chinese are both credited for creating the parachute, but it was really in the 18th century when France both created it and used it by basically throwing themselves out of planes. Little did anyone know that skydiving would be one of the craziest sports today. Jumping out of a plane two and a half miles up into the sky would not be someone’s idea of a normal day. As bad as two and a half miles up in the sky is, try doing it traveling at a rate of one-hundred and sixty miles per hour with just a parachute to save you. To many people this would be a nightmare; but to some of us, it is the biggest thrill of our lives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people will sit and tell me that I am crazy for jumping out of a plane. I would just sit and tell them a quote I heard before I did my jump. â€Å"Skydivers know why the birds sing.† The experience doesn’t feel like you’re falling out of a plane, yet more like you are flying. Once you pull the parachute, the result is the most calming feeling. Words cannot even express it. You are totally relaxed and inspired after that chute is pulled.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another reason why someone would jump out of a plane is that it actually is a stress reliever. You can still call divers crazy; but once you are up in the air flying, you are going to be stress free. The dive inspires such a complete focus of attention that all other worries, aggravatio...

Biomedical approach Essay

The Biomedical approach includes the administration of various pharmacological agents which can be utilized to treat various mental disorders. It is usually administered for short durations in combination with psychotherapy. It brings back to normal the various chemical substances that are present in the brain (neurotransmitters). When the neurotransmitter levels are normal, the effect of psychotherapy would be better. The biomedical approach can be utilized to treat various psychiatric disorders such as ADHD, OCD, depression, anxiety, etc (MINDD Foundation, 2008). The psychodynamic approach includes various theories that utilize the internal drives and forces that may be present in the individual (some of which may be unconscious), to ensure that the individual can undergo a psychological change and get to better control over several problems. It is effectively utilized in pain management. Psychodynamics is considered to be the interaction of the id, ego and the superego so as to satisfy ones needs (which play an important role in the development of the personality). The psychodynamic approach was developed by the followers of Sigmund Freud. This approach gives greater consideration to the unconscious motives that affect behavior, emotions and feelings. The behavior of adults is strongly affected by the childhood motives (Simply Psychology, 2009). The humanistic-existential approach concentrates on the motivations and the needs of the individual and is similar to the psychoanalytical theory. This therapy focuses greater on the free will of the individual rather than on obstructing human nature. This is one of the major differences that are present between humanistic-existential and psychoanalytical approach. It also tends to concentrate greater on solving the problem rather than the problem itself (University of Hawaii, 2008). Cognitive and behavior therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy that involves determining and sorting out improper thoughts (that may be associated with depression), solving various problems and improving the problem-solving skills, and ensuring that people are able to engage in more enjoyable activities (that can ensure that the individual learns about potentially rewarding activities and performs them in the future) (University of Michigan, 2006). Reference Simply Psychology (2008). Psychodynamic Approach, Retrieved on May 29, 2009, from Web site: http://www. simplypsychology. pwp. blueyonder. co. uk/psychodynamic. html The MINDD Foundation (2008). The Biomedical Approach, Retrieved on May 29, 2009, from Web site: http://mindd. org/s/archives. php/48-Biomedical-Treatments. html The University of Hawaii (2008). The Biological Paradigm, Retrieved on May 29, 2009, from Web site: http://www2. hawaii. edu/~heiby/overheads_%20paradigms. html University of Michigan Depression Center (2006). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Retrieved on May 29, 2009, from Web site: http://www. med. umich. edu/depression/cbt. htm

Concept of Present Value

WHY IS THE CONCEPT OF PRESENT VALUE SO IMPORTANT FOR CORPORATE FINANCE? The importance of concept of present value to the world of corporate finance is that present value calculations are widely used in business and economics to provide a means to compare cash flows at different times. Present Value’s definition and simplistic formula used for normal purchases, the concept’s importance to corporate finance and why present value is the very first topic taught in finance classes explain that present value is an essential knowledgeable tool to ensure we make the best decisions with our money. However, first, What Does Present Value – PV Mean? Present value is â€Å"the current worth of a future sum of money or stream of cash flows given a specified rate of return. Future cash flows are discounted at the discount rate, and the higher the discount rate, the lower the present value of the future cash flows. Determining the appropriate discount rate is the key to properly valuing future cash flows, whether they are earnings or obligations. † Through the definition itself, an importance to corporate finance is explained as well as why professors begin a finance course with a basis explanation in the time value of money – discounting and investment risk included. In more detail, capital investment decisions are long-term corporate finance decisions relating to fixed assets and capital structure. Decisions are made with several criteria to consider, and where corporate management seeks to maximize value in the firm by the correctly calculated net present value when valued using an appropriate discount rate. It would be beneficial on a personal level for the following reasons; â€Å"Learning how to use a financial calculator to make present value calculations can help you decide whether you should accept a cash rebate, 0% financing on the purchase of a car or to pay points on a mortgage. Present value could often the first topic taught in any finance class, due to the fact that knowledge of this formula can be used for basic financial planning that will lead to larger level strategy – making the best company investment decisions. Now, on to the fun stuff that is so anxiously taught in class – the problems and formulas. 2a. $500 i f invested for five years at a 4% interest rate: FV = 500 (1 + . 04)^1) = 500 (1. 04) = $520. 00 FV = 520 (1 + . 04)^2) = 520 (1. 0816) = $540. 80 FV = 540. 80 (1 + . 04)^3) = 540. 80 (1. 124864) = $562. 43 FV = 562. 43(1 + . 04)^4) = 562. 43(1. 169859) = $584. 3 FV = 584. 93(1 + . 04)^5) = 584. 93 (1. 216653) = $608. 33 End of Year12345 Principal$500. 00$520. 00$540. 80$562. 43$584. 93 Interest$20. 00$20. 80$21. 63$22. 50$23. 40 Total$520. 00$540. 80$562. 43$584. 93$608. 33 2b. $150 if invested for three years at a 9% interest rate: FV = 150 (1 + . 09)^1) = 150 (1. 09) = $163. 50 FV = 163. 50(1 + . 09)^2) = 163. 50(1. 1881) = $178. 22 FV = 178. 22 (1 + . 09)^3) = 178. 22 (1. 295029) = $194. 25 End of Year123 Principal$150. 00$163. 50$178. 22 Interest$13. 50$14. 72$16. 04 Total$163. 50$178. 22$194. 25 2c. $9100 if invested for seven years at a 3% interest rate: FV = 9100 (1 + . 03)^1) = 9100 (1. 03) = $9373 FV = 9373 (1 + . 03)^2) = 9373 (1. 0609) = $9654. 19 FV = 9654. 19 (1 + . 03)^3) = 9654. 19 (1. 092727) = $9943. 82 FV = 9943. 82 (1 + . 03)^4) = 9943. 82 (1. 12550881) = $10242. 13 FV = 10242. 13 (1 + . 03)^5) = 10242. 13 (1. 15927407) = $10549. 39 FV = 10549. 39 (1 + . 03)^6) = 10549. 39(1. 1940523) = $10865. 88 FV = 10865. 88(1 + . 03)^7) = 10865. 88 (1. 22987387) = $11191. 85 End of Year1234567 Principal$9,100. 00$9,373. 00$9,654. 19$9,943. 82$10,242. 13$10,549. 39$10,865. 88 Interest$273. 00$281. 19$289. 63$298. 31$307. 26$316. 48$325. 8 Total$9,373. 00$9,654. 19$9,943. 82$10,242. 13$10,549. 39$10,865. 88$11,191. 85 2d. $1000 if invested for ten years at a 0. 5% interest rate: FV = 1000 (1 + . 005)^1) = 1000 (1. 005) = $1005 FV = 1005 (1 + . 005)^2) = 1005 (1. 010025) = $1010. 03 FV = 1010. 03 (1 + . 005)^3) = 1010. 03 (1. 01507513) = $1015. 08 FV = 1015. 08 (1 + . 005)^4) = 1015. 08 (1. 020150501) = $1020. 15 FV = 1020. 15 (1 + . 0 05)^5) = 1020. 15 (1. 02525125) = $1025. 25 FV = 1025. 25 (1 + . 005)^6) = 1025. 25(1. 03037751) = $1030. 38 FV = 1030. 38(1 + . 005)^7) = 1030. 38 (1. 0355294) = $1035. 53 FV = 1035. 53 (1 + . 05)^8) = 1035. 53 (1. 040707) = $1040. 71 FV = 1040. 71 (1 + . 005)^9) = 1040. 71(1. 0459106) = $1045. 91 FV = 1045. 91(1 + . 005)^10) = 1045. 91 (1. 0511401) = $1051. 14 End of Year12345 Principal$1,000. 00$1,005. 00$1,010. 03$1,015. 08$1,020. 15 Interest$5. 00$5. 02$5. 05$5. 08$5. 10 Total$1,005. 00$1,010. 03$1,015. 08$1,020. 15$1,025. 25 End of Year678910 Principal$1,025. 25$1,030. 38$1,035. 53$1,040. 71$1,045. 91 Interest$5. 13$5. 15$5. 18$5. 20$5. 23 Total$1,030. 38$1,035. 53$1,040. 71$1,045. 91$1,051. 14 Present Value – 3a. $7700 to be received three years from now with a 5% interest rate PV = 7700 / (1 + . 05) ^ 3 = 7700 / (1. 157625) = $6651. 55 3b. $1500 to be received five years from now with a 7% interest rate PV = 1500 / (1 + . 07) ^ 5 = 1500 / (1. 4025517) = $1069. 48 3c. $7200 to received two years from now with an 11% interest rate PV = 7200 / (1 + . 11) ^ 2 = 7200 / (1. 2321) = $ 5843. 68 3d. $ 680,000 to be received eight years from now with a 9% interest rate. PV = 680000 / (1 + . 09) ^ 8 = 680000 / (1. 9925626) = $341269. 07 Time Value of Money – Annuities 4. Present Value – Annuity / Suppose you are to receive an annuity of $3000 every year for 3 years @ 3% interest rate. PV = PVAF(r,n)*CF PVAF(r,n) = 1/r – 1/[r*(1+r)^n] (33. 33 – 30. 50472 = 2. 828611) PV = 2. 828611*3000 PV = $ 8485. 83 5. Future Value – Annuity / Suppose you receive a payment of $5000 every year for 3 years, depositing into a bank that pays 2% interest. FV = CF * FVAF (r,n) FVAF(r,n) = 1/r – 1/[r*(1+r)^n] (50 – 47. 11612 = 2. 883883) FV = 5000 * 2. 883883 FV = $14419. 42 REFERENCES Anonymous (2010). Investopedia. com. Present Value. Retrieved on 5 Apr 2010 @ http://www. investopedia. com/terms/p/presentvalue. asp 2 Megginson, William (2008). Corporate Finance. Stamford: Thomson Learning. P. 86. Anonymous (2010). Investopedia. com. Explaining Present Value-PV. Retrieved on 5 Apr 2010 @ http://www. investopedia. com/terms/p/presentvalue. asp 4 Anonymous (n. d). FinanceProfessor. com. Future Value. Retrieved on 3 Apr 2010 from http://www. financeprofessor. com/fiancnenotes/introductoryfin/presentvalue. htm 5 Anonymous (n. d). FinanceProfessor. com. P resent Value. Retrieved on 3 Apr 2010 from http://www. financeprofessor. com/fiancnenotes/introductoryfin/presentvalue. htm 6 Anonymous (2008). The Time Value of Money. Retrieved on 4 Apr 2010 from http://www. econedlink. org/lessons/index. cfm? lesson=EM37

Most Important Macro Environment Factors In Qantas Tourism Essay Essay Example

Most Important Macro Environment Factors In Qantas Tourism Essay Essay Example Most Important Macro Environment Factors In Qantas Tourism Essay Essay Most Important Macro Environment Factors In Qantas Tourism Essay Essay Corporate scheme of Qantas has been back uping all its concern aims and besides employee degree single aims so that the company produces better consequences for the satisfaction of clients. Airline industry is a immense topographic point where different companies are working and if planning and strategic determinations do non run into the demands of the current environment of the concern than it would be bad for the company. Selling and Auditing are the cardinal countries where the strategic determinations of the Qantas have to concentrate. In Australia the air hose industry has been under crisis since 2000 so the Qantas had to undertake the state of affairs by strategic moves and proper planning has to be done for that. Selling auditing has been done by the company several times to look into the effectivity of the strategic determinations that were being made to back up the selling activities sing new and old clients ( Kain and Webb, 2003 ) . In add-on to these, a important worldwid e tilting in rapid expression of low-priced transporter was empirical and the challenge for Qantas to keep both the low cost and high quality criterions was hard but feasible and it worked on it. Australian air hose industry was non opposed to this, two moderately priced air hoses that is to state wish and Virgin Blue Airlines were launched in 2000 and so they created a sense of competition in footings of selling activities for the company and therefore auditing was going necessary. Use OF BUSINESS TOOLS TO UNDERTAKE FORMAL MARKETING, AUDITING AND PLANNING Business tools like schemes and client services tools like package, plans and policies if used decently for the Qantas would assist set abouting the formal selling, scrutinizing and be aftering. Formal Marketing would come if the selling schemes are planned based on perfect concern tools that are available in the market for market research, client analysis and selling scheme preparations. Similarly if we move toward the scrutinizing side the construction could be formalized through several concern tools that would automatically bring forth scrutinizing study to analyse concern schemes. Auditing tools like package tools and concern bundles should ever be a beginning of support to set about more formal schemes to be made, more complex analysis to be done and more accurate planning to be done. Planning is another major portion which would bring forth consequences for the Qantas ( Kotler, Brown, Adam, Burton, and Armstrong, 2007 ) . Planning is the most critical portion because if it s d one good, ends good and if non so the result would besides acquire disturbed Planning concern tools available in the market let us to use the resources at best of the capableness to do them bring forth best consequences and this is what is needed at the point of clip. Qantas has already been utilizing several different concern tools for selling, scrutinizing and planning and besides bring forthing consequences expeditiously. If farther utilised good Qantas can do it a competitory border for the company and an effectual manner to fulfill the clients. MOST IMPORTANT MACRO-ENVIRONMENT FACTORS IN QANTAS Macro environment factors that are act uponing the Qantas Airlines include Political, Economic, Societal, Technological, Environmental and Legal factors. All these factors are really critical for the success of Qantas. Political factors like Australian political relations and the province Torahs are traveling to act upon the tendencies of the company and the net income devising would Torahs be disturbed if the revenue enhancement policies changes from the governmental governments. So Qantas has to concentrate over such schemes really carefully and it has to be prepared for such alterations because they are out of control of the company. Social factors like altering tendencies among clients, debut of new tendencies in the society and altering similitude and disfavor of people are all such factors that should be prepared and should be decided in schemes ( Kain, and Webb, 2003 ) . Technological factors are altering twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours and therefore this would hold bee n a biggest challenge for Qantas to get the better of such challenges and get by up with all new technological betterments go oning twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. Particularly it has to be really strong in Research and Development so that every coming engineering comes foremost in Qantas before hitting the rival companies. Environmental factors like conditions and environing states and their policies are really of import to be considered so that Qantas designs its schemes consequently as it has been making antecedently. Legal factors are last but non the least factors which play portion in success of the company and they play really critical function in doing such policies. MOST IMPORTANT MICRO-ENVIRONMENT FACTORS IN QANTAS Micro environment has been besides really of import and several factors are portion of micro environment like strengths, failing, chances and menaces of the company. Qantas Airways, a national Australian air hose established in 1920 is the universe s 2nd oldest air hose header towards a century of age in 2020 ( Harcourt, 2004 ) . Strengths Along with its subordinates served destinees, a figure of international flights includes about all the continents like Africa, Oceania, Asia, Europe and the Americas. Bing the most oldest in age, Qantas airways is far in front in experience, operational answerability, engineering and services. For all categories including economic system category a epicurean amusement system is provided along with in flight cyberspace installation and with every place holding a LCD screen. Promising a comfy journey, going by Qantas air hoses is cost effectual. A complete cabin system is provided with First category, concern category, premium economic system category and economic system category classification. A paramount committedness is assured through a proper client charter including client s safety, in clip going and reaching, proper caretaking in instance of any bad luck and procuring personal information of their clients. An environment friendly attack through group environment policy sing all modern-day issue sing environment for the attainment of green planet. Airway squad has ever been working for supplying every possible path that is widening twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. Shows their goodwill gestures at the clip of exigency in their ain part or for their ain people settled abroad in the class of emptying charter. Qantas air passages had been declared as World Skytrax Airline of the Year ( for five back-to-back old ages ) , Skytrax Best Airline Australia ( 2005, 2006, 2008 ) , and Skytrax Best Regional Airline Australia ( 2006, 2008 ) for their services along with several wine design and amusement awards. Failings A conservative policy is implicated while flight that kids going unaccompanied are non allowed to sit along with male travellers, which compels the work forces to experience sex discriminated as females can every bit be suspected for kid maltreatment. Despite being the oldest among the air hoses, Qantas air passages had gone through one air accident in about each decennary which indicates inefficiency in trifle. Due to environmental restraints, some long path direct flights are frequently delayed. Opportunities Proper policies are launched for regular circulars by points gaining through any type of activity that includes money disbursement, either through hotel staying, recognition card use, auto leases, dining and much more. Members are besides given different types of premiums clip to clip. Turning points increases client value from Ag, gold to Pt. Leases has been announced for new aircraft fleet to provide more riders, employment chances, services efficiencies and widening winging concern. For advancing business communities entree to universe with no problem a nine has been organized for uninterrupted and epicurean travel with precedence cheque in and certain concern related and personal installations. Subscription can be made from one to several old ages. Menaces Strong response to planetary fuel monetary value addition, by about half duplicating the ticket on about 10 % addition in fuel monetary values that has late been noticed. Certain efforts of extortion have been made that had an inauspicious consequence on air hose repute but now they are about sorted. Qantas has been accused in 2006 and had been proved guilty for monetary value repair. They had to pay they were fined a immense trade of money, if this happens in hereafter will turn out a dire menace to air hose repute. Selling RESEARCH AND MARKETING INTELLIGENCE Soon the Qantas Group is among one of the few major air hose groups in the universe that are still doing net incomes. Several air hoses are doing considerable losingss, and few amalgamations have besides been seen in past ( for case KLM-Air France ) , coup detats by some large companies and bankruptcies of houses ( e.g Northwest and American Airlines ) . In malice of the apparent flushed first feeling, the existent profitableness word picture across the Group has been diverse, with Jetstar s domestic and planetary operations normally executing good, while the Qantas divider of the concern has been executing less than them. This has been critically because concern intelligence is really of import. Market research has to be on precedence to gain precedences and therefore if company falls down the major issue is low research of market. Qantas s market portion has declined bitterly in the last decennary. At the same clip as the air hose was in a taking market topographic point with 34.4 % of the transition to and from Australia, from 2010 to 2011 its market portion had declined to 18.7 % ( Bamber, Lansbury, Rainthorpe, and Yazbeck, 2005 ) . Intense market research has let it go on and the Qantas has ever been really concerned about that and in response to market needs the launch of Jetstar was planned, which has fascinated 8 % of planetary transition into and out of Australia separating the in general Qantas Group with a 26.5 % market portion at the terminal of 2011. Cleavage AND SPECIFIC SEGMENTATION VARIABLES Cleavage is really of import and critical for Qantas as it has been aiming the domestic and international markets together. The economic capableness of the Qantas international concern is, however, critical to the Qantas s purposes and ends. Dazzling this, a demand to take down the costs is an indispensable occupant of the Group s program for Qantas. Harmonizing to the air hose, the cost base is about 20 % higher than major rivals ( Porter, 1979 ) . Cleavage should be done consequently so that the demands are met and no infinites are left for the rivals to take over. But side by side it is besides really of import that the company follows its ain capacities while aiming a market section. It merely does non hold the small cost formation of many of the rivals, in peculiar the Asiatic rivals. Cleavage needs to be on the footing on geographic as age, gender and other factors do non truly count. Segmentation and specific cleavage variables like demographics, psychographics, buyer-graphics and geographic are critical if selling of the company is planned. Pricing criterions should be set harmonizing to the demands of the clients and cleavage can be based upon that every bit good. Understanding OF MARKET POSITIONING Positioning has been really critical portion of selling scheme which has to be decided by the Qantas and it already has done it good. It has positioned its merchandise domestically on the footing of monetary value incursion while international the placement is based over quality more. The major measure of positioning policy is to be familiar with likely violent net incomes. Qantas has many times for distinguishing its extent and augmented repetitive benefit against its rival Virgin Blue from side to side merchandise and service division ( Coyne, and Sujit 1996 ) . We know that Qantas is a most of import supplier of air conveyance ; the cardinal advantage that a client will take release of is time-critical conveyance . Understanding OF BUYER BEHAVIOR Buying behaviour of client is another major factor which it considers good and behaviour of clients towards the air hoses. Customers have ever thought of holding privileges in footings of monetary values and quality of services. Customer behaviour has ever been a critical phenomenon to analyze when it comes to success or failure of a company ( Brandenburger, and Nalebuff, 1995 ) . Customer would wish to hold proper services and installations during the flight with the sense of security and safety during the journey. Customer s penchant should ever be the centre of attending for the company. Customer is ever right and his attitudes and behaviours are ever critical for the success of the Qantas. Behavior of the bing client of Qantas toward the trade name is loyal but the new client or the client who is utilizing rivals services are non cognizant of the company strengths wholly and this makes it hard for them to take Qantas among all. For this Qantas has to plan a really strong selling run that would convey benefit in footings of client base and the social consciousness about Qantas. Customer base when increases bring a batch of benefits for the company and this should be the focal point of Qantas right now. Decision The overall appraisal of different factors of Qantas have made us recognize that the market analysis and research is really critical and strategic determinations, planning, appraisals and hearing could be done reasonably and more accurately after you have complete cognition about internal and external factors of the company. Position of the merchandise plays really important function in its success or failure so Qantas should take attention about that. Customer behaviour besides plays really of import function and analyzing client behaviours would once more be done through the market research activities. Qantas if focal points all above exactly would acquire privilege to acquire success shortly and for long term.

Organisation, Competition and Environment Assignment

Organisation, Competition and Environment - Assignment Example The Unique Point Tutorials has over a hundred students, taught by Dowell herself with the assistance of some half a dozen teachers for different subjects. Dowell prefers coaching the younger children, leaving the older children of higher grades to the teachers who are specialized in different subjects. As an individual proprietor, Dowell had never felt the need to draw up objectives or targets. Business-wise, she was prospering. However, a few students of the higher standards had opted to change over to the new classes since they were offering offshore services, being affiliated with universities abroad. This has made Dowell think on global terms. On her husband's advice, she consulted a chartered accountant, who has asked her to crystallize her aims and objective, and targets from the current year. She decided on a two-pronged approach to her objectives which were to be external objectives and stakeholders'/internal objectives. To institutionalize her tutorial with her husband as a co-associate, and draw up a Memorandum of Association and encourage interested parents to become members in the association, with a view to promote total education for everybody in the locality. With a view to further strengthen her position vis--vis the competiti... To formulate principles of best practice, promote research, and link up with reputed overseas universities. To lobby for increased funding for capital expenditure to rent or purchase additional rooms to accommodate a hundred more students. (http://www.aicafmha.net.au)1 With a view to further strengthen her position vis--vis the competition, Dowell decided to identify her stakeholders and their objectives, and the objectives' status as of date. After deliberating, she concluded that her chief stakeholders were the students, parents and the teachers/staff. She also decided to make time for discussion and consultation with each of them in order to gather useful data and ideas, strengthen relationships, enhance the associations' reputation, improve decision-making, and also make these practices a part of her mainstream business practice. B)The stakeholders'/internal Objectives were: 1) For Students: To pursue and foster learning, enquiry, and through this to realise the Association's mission to be an academic community working together to create a learning environment in which teaching and learning is of the highest quality, supporting students and their personal development, and contributing to the well-being of their region and nation. To offer programmes of study at school, undergraduate and postgraduate levels that provide students with varying entry qualifications, experience and an educational base for a range of employment and further training opportunities. To provide appropriate curricula and learning experiences that satisfy the requirements of relevant professional and accrediting bodies. To provide scholarship to deserving students. To enable students to acquire a working knowledge of core